Fernando Alcoforado*
This article, published on various websites in Brazil and abroad in Portuguese, English and French, aims to present celestial bodies as asteroids, comets or pieces of comets, planets in the solar system and orphan planets that wander in outer space that threaten to collide with the Earth, as well as proposing the strategies to be adopted to save humanity from the consequences of these collisions. The collision of asteroids, comets or pieces of comets, planets of the solar system and orphaned planets with planet Earth, with the potential to annihilate humanity and all living beings completely, is requiring the adoption of strategies that avoid the possibility of this occurrence.
For years, scientists have been preparing to face a distant threat, but one that could one day become a reality. They are asteroids that pass “close” to the Earth and, in theory, could collide with the planet. Apophis is one of the asteroids that has been on the list of celestial bodies with a chance of reaching Earth for over a decade. But now these possibilities are increasing. An asteroid called Bennu with 492 meters in diameter and 79 billion kilograms has a chance to reach Earth in the late 22nd century. Comet fragmentation is not uncommon and poses a real threat to humanity. A single comet could produce multiple meteor “hurricanes”, which is already a worrying situation. In addition, minor impacts can create a lot of meteoric smoke and generate sudden cooling for some years, in addition to widespread fires. Space agencies like NASA create ways to protect humanity from asteroid impact, but these strategies would not work against pieces of comets coming towards planet Earth.
In addition to the collision of asteroids and comets or pieces of comets, there is the possibility of the collision of planets in the solar system with planet Earth that was admitted based on a recent computer simulation that projected a catastrophic end for our Solar System in the future far. The Earth may be on a collision course with the planets Mercury, Venus or Mars from at least 1 billion years from now, according to a study published in the British magazine Nature and quoted by the TV channel Fox. Astronomical calculations carried out indicate that the possibility is remote , but it can happen. According to the research, disturbances that occurred in Mercury’s orbit could cause it to hit other planets, causing a destabilization in the other bodies that rotate around the Sun.
There is also the possibility of collision of orphaned or errant planets with the planet Earth. An orphan planet is a planet that does not directly orbit a star having been ejected from the planetary system on which it was formed or has never been gravitationally linked to any star. Orphaned planets are interstellar planets (that do not orbit a star) in our galaxy that can reach tens of billions and possibly even trillions, according to research published in the Astronomical Journal. Astronomers based in Hawaii and Chile have discovered an orphaned planet roaming space without a star in its orbit, a hundred light years away from Earth.
The main conclusions of this article are as follows:
• To deal with asteroids that could collide with planet Earth, the strategy is to divert them from their course if they are detected with enough time to launch interceptor rockets. The same solution must be adopted for comets whose pieces can reach planet Earth. It is very important that there is constant monitoring of space to identify not only asteroids, which are celestial bodies of small mass and irregular orbits, but also, comets or pieces of comets, which can collide with the Earth and powerful rockets are developed capable of diverting them from their routes. Another alternative is to destroy asteroids and threatening comets with the use of nuclear bombs if they are at a great distance from planet Earth.
• In order to deal with the possibility of collisions between the planets of the solar system and Earth, it is important that there is constant monitoring of space to identify the threat of destabilization of the solar system by the planet Mercury and other planets and that research be carried out to identify habitable planets to humans to plan their escape to exoplanets such as “Proxima b” orbiting a star that is part of the Alpha Centauri system, the closest to the solar system, where space colonies would be implanted that would require great scientific and technological advances to make them feasible.
• In order to face the threat of collision between orphaned planets and planet Earth, it is very important that there is constant monitoring of space to identify orphaned planets that may collide with Earth and determine the time of their collision in order to adopt measures that point the need to plan the fugue of humans to other habitable places for humans located in the solar system such as Mars, Titan (moon of Saturn) and Callisto (moon of Jupiter) for the implantation of space colonies that would require great scientific and technological progress to make them feasible.
• In addition to the need to promote scientific and technological advances to address the problems related to the collision with planet Earth of asteroids, pieces of comets, planets of the solar system and orphaned planets, human beings need to be prepared to increase their biological capacity to live outside the Earth and make space travel inside and outside the solar system using scientific and technological resources. The ability of human beings to defy the limits imposed by nature is absolutely necessary to ensure their survival as a species today and in the future.
• Immediate and future threats will not be successfully addressed without the advancement of science and technology that is the passport to humanity’s survival. Therefore, science and technology must offer a solution for the development of powerful rockets, spaceships and space colonies outside the Earth, as well as for the problems related to the escape of human beings from Earth, when necessary, and the implantation of space colonies in more viable locations in the solar system such as Mars, Titan (Saturn’s moon) and Callisto (Jupiter’s moon) or outside of it as exoplanets in the Alpha Centauri System aiming at the implantation of space colonies, in addition to increasing the biological capacity for the human beings live outside the Earth and make space travel inside and outside the solar system.
What has just been exposed also indicates the need for a world government on our planet capable of coordinating all the actions of all national governments in adopting preventive measures against threats from outer space, as well as the evacuation of humans from planet Earth to habitable locations in the solar system and beyond. No national government, however powerful it may be, will be able to carry out the herculean task of saving humanity from threats from outer space. In addition, national governments, especially the most powerful, would favor the survival of their populations and not all of humanity. There is an urgent need for a world democratic government and a world parliament to carry out the noble task of saving humanity from threats from outer space.
This is a summary of the article whose full text can be read by accessing the websites Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/falcoforado/), Academia.edu (https://www.academia.edu/45050900/HOW_TO_SAVE_THE_HUMANITY_OF_THE_COLLISION_ON_THE_PLANET_EARTH_OF_BODIES_COMING_FROM_SIDERAL_SPACE), SlideShare (https://pt.slideshare.net/falcoforado/how-to-save-the-humanity-of-the-collision-on-the-planet-earth-of-bodies-coming-from-sideral-space), Twitter @BLOGFALCOFORADO (https://twitter.com/blogfalcoforado) and the website < https://fernandoalcoforado.academia.edu/research>.
* Fernando Alcoforado, 81, awarded the medal of Engineering Merit of the CONFEA / CREA System, member of the Bahia Academy of Education, engineer and doctor in Territorial Planning and Regional Development by the University of Barcelona, university professor and consultant in the areas of strategic planning, business planning, regional planning and planning of energy systems, is author of the books Globalização (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1997), De Collor a FHC- O Brasil e a Nova (Des)ordem Mundial (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1998), Um Projeto para o Brasil (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2000), Os condicionantes do desenvolvimento do Estado da Bahia (Tese de doutorado. Universidade de Barcelona,http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/1944, 2003), Globalização e Desenvolvimento (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2006), Bahia- Desenvolvimento do Século XVI ao Século XX e Objetivos Estratégicos na Era Contemporânea (EGBA, Salvador, 2008), The Necessary Conditions of the Economic and Social Development- The Case of the State of Bahia (VDM Verlag Dr. Müller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG, Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010), Aquecimento Global e Catástrofe Planetária (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2010), Amazônia Sustentável- Para o progresso do Brasil e combate ao aquecimento global (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2011), Os Fatores Condicionantes do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2012), Energia no Mundo e no Brasil- Energia e Mudança Climática Catastrófica no Século XXI (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2015), As Grandes Revoluções Científicas, Econômicas e Sociais que Mudaram o Mundo (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2016), A Invenção de um novo Brasil (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2017), Esquerda x Direita e a sua convergência (Associação Baiana de Imprensa, Salvador, 2018, em co-autoria) and Como inventar o futuro para mudar o mundo (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2019).
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