Fernando Alcoforado*
This article aims to present the strategies for the survival of humanity to deal with the threats that hover in the short, medium and long term situated inside planet Earth and those coming from outer space that are contained in our book A humanidade ameaçada e as estratégias para sua sobrevivência (The threatened humanity and the strategies for its survival), subtitled Como salvar a humanidade das ameaças à sua extinção (How to save humanity from the threats to its extinction). The first 8 chapters of this book analyze all the threats against humanity and then outline the strategies necessary for its survival. Chapter 9 highlights the fundamental strategies to be adopted regarding the imperative of scientific and technological advancement, the increase in the biological capacity of human beings and the constitution of a world government to enable global coordination, without which there will be no success in the effort to save humanity from threats to its survival, and Chapter 10 summarizes the conclusions of this book. In the paragraphs presented below, a summary of the book’s chapters is presented with the proposed strategies to save humanity from its extinction.
In Chapter 1 (How to Save Humanity from Future Pandemics), the biggest pandemics throughout history were analyzed and strategies needed to avoid them in the future were presented. The proposed strategies are as follows: 1) Permanently develop R&D activities aimed at the production of antibiotics and vaccines to fight current and future pandemics; 2) Carry out profound changes in the relationship of human beings with nature so that they live in harmony without which their survival will be threatened by new pandemics; 3) To urgently and internationally prohibit the trade in species with high risk of virus transmission and eradicate the consumption of wild meat in the world; 4) Create a library of virus genetics, which helps in mapping places from which new high-risk pathogens may emerge; 5) Make investments of US$22 billion to US$31 billion per year for a decade, to monitor and police the wildlife trade and prevent tropical deforestation and in health surveillance and biosafety in the raising of consumer animals, which are potential virus intermediaries that reach humans, particularly in areas close to forests to help prevent future pandemics; 6) Keep the world population well informed about the risks of new pandemics with reliable data, conceived by experience and science, which would certainly be of great value to generate essential guidelines for their social behavior, aiming at their collaboration in the effort to prevent new pandemics.
In Chapter 2 (How to save humanity from social, economic, environmental devastation and wars in the 21st century), the economic, social and environmental damage produced by capitalism, the consequences of the end of capitalism in the mid-21st century, the worsening of conflicts in international relations, which may lead the world to face a multiplicity of localized wars and even a new world war in the 21st century, made it possible to outline the necessary strategies to face these devastating crises that threaten the future of humanity. The proposed strategies are as follows: 1) Avoid the incessant degradation of the environment and the catastrophic global climate change with the adoption of the sustainable development model in each country and globally and the implantation of a democratic world government to order the environment; 2) Avoid the escalation of international conflicts and even a new world war with the use of nuclear weapons, produced by capitalism constituting a world democratic government and a world parliament to ensure world peace; 3) Build a social democracy in the Scandinavian molds in every country in the world with the necessary adaptation and implementation of a world government to save humanity from the harmful consequences of the social devastation caused by economic and environmental crises and wars in the 21st century.
In Chapter 3 (How to save humanity from natural disasters by earthquakes, tsunamis and volcano eruptions), the causes of earthquakes, tsunamis and volcano eruptions resulting from the movement of tectonic plates, which have contributed to the occurrence of deaths of populations and destruction of buildings and infrastructure in many countries, and the experience gained in dealing with these catastrophic events in the past were analyzed to present strategies for their prevention, as well as those necessary to save humanity by promoting the flight of human beings to habitable places in the solar system if it’s necessary. The proposed strategies are as follows: 1) Adopt preventive and precautionary measures to eliminate or reduce the damage caused by earthquakes on populations, buildings and infrastructure; 2) Predict the occurrence of tsunamis quickly and efficiently with the help of seismographs to trigger population evacuation plans; 3) Use Google Earth to estimate a future tsunami as the United States Geological Research Center does; 4) Predict the occurrence of volcanic eruptions with constant monitoring of the volcanoes in order to adopt evacuation plans for populations in the areas covered by the volcanoes; 5) Set up a global structure, the World Organization for Defense Against Natural Disasters with global coverage, to coordinate the actions of countries in dealing with earthquakes, tsunamis and volcano eruptions; 6) Take necessary measures to evacuate human beings to safe places and even, if necessary, out of planet Earth in places likely to be habitable in the solar system (Mars, the moon of Saturn, Titan, and of Jupiter, Callisto) in the event that the eruption of volcanoes could lead to the threat of extinction of human beings.
In Chapter 4 (How to Save Humanity from Collision on Planet Earth from Bodies from Outer Space), celestial bodies such as asteroids, comets or pieces of comets, solar system planets and orphan planets that roam in outer space that threaten to collide with the Earth were analyzed in order to present strategies to be adopted to avoid its collision with the Earth and, also, to save humanity by promoting the flight of human beings to habitable places in the solar system, if necessary. The proposed strategies are as follows: 1) Carry out constant space monitoring to identify asteroids, comets or pieces of comets that may collide with the Earth; 2) Deviate with powerful rockets the course of asteroids and comets that might collide with planet Earth; 3) Destroy threatening asteroids and comets with the use of nuclear bombs if they are far away from planet Earth; 4) Conduct constant monitoring of space to identify the threat of destabilization of the solar system by the planet Mercury and other planets that could collide with the Earth; 5) Conduct constant monitoring of space to identify orphan planets that may collide with Earth and determine the time of their collision; 6) Conduct research to identify habitable planets to human beings to plan their escape, if necessary in the collision event on Earth of planets from the solar system or orphan planets; 7) Increase the psychic and biological capacity of human beings to make their escape from Earth when necessary and perform space travel inside and outside the solar system; 8) Promote advances in science and technology for the development of powerful rockets, spacecraft and space colonies to be installed outside Earth, as well as for the problems related to the escape of human beings from Earth, when necessary, and the deployment of space colonies in more viable locations in the solar system or outside, in addition to increasing the biological capacity for human beings to live outside the Earth and perform space travel inside and outside the solar system; 9) Constitute a world government capable of coordinating all the actions of all national governments in the adoption of preventive measures against threats from outer space, as well as for the evacuation of human beings from planet Earth to habitable places in the solar system and beyond.
In Chapter 5 (How to save humanity from the emission of cosmic rays), the various sources of cosmic ray emission were analyzed, especially the gamma rays emitted by supernova stars, which have the power to annihilate life on Earth, radiation and Coronal mass of the Sun and cosmic rays to assess their consequences on humans on Earth and in space travel and propose the adoption of strategies aimed at protecting humans and alternatives for human beings to escape to habitable places in the solar system to save humanity if necessary. The proposed strategies are as follows: 1) Monitor the supernova stars explosion permanently, to assess the possibility of the Earth being hit by gamma rays so that, before and during the occurrence of its explosion, the necessary measures are taken in order to escape the beings humans to possible habitable locations in the solar system; 2) Use the Soho satellite, which acts in the intermediate position between the Earth and the Sun, to detect explosions on the solar surface and send messages one hour before the arrival of the cosmic storm on Earth; 3) Promote technological advances that enable the deployment of space colonies on Mars, Titan (Saturn’s moon) and Callisto (Jupiter’s moon) and increase the biological capacity of human beings to survive outside Earth; 4) Protect humans from cosmic radiation in long-term space travel in outer space by promoting scientific and technological advances in addition to increasing the biological capacity of human beings to perform space travel and live outside Earth; 5) Establish a world government to coordinate strategies with national governments to deal with cosmic rays.
In Chapter 6 (How to Save Humanity from the Consequences of the Moon’s Continued Increase of Distance from Earth), the impacts on Earth’s climate and human beings of the catastrophic environmental consequences related to the Moon’s continued increase of distance from Earth were analyzed, as well as alternatives for the escape of human beings to habitable places in the solar system, if necessary, were studied. As the Earth and the Moon are united by a strong gravitational bond and affect each other, the increase of distance of the Moon from the Earth will impact human beings and the planet’s climate in a catastrophic manner that will require the adoption of relevant strategies to save humanity. The proposed strategies are as follows: 1) Continuously monitor the Moon’s distance from Earth to measure its consequences on life and the Earth’s environment, with a view to adopting measures that progressively mitigate its negative impacts and point out, in extreme cases, the need to plan the flight of human beings to the most viable habitable places in the solar system; 2) Promote scientific and technological advances to mitigate environmental impacts on Earth related to the continuous increase of distance of the Moon from Earth; 3) Increase the biological capacity of human beings to live outside the Earth and carry out space travel with the use of scientific and technological resources; 4) Promote advances in science and technology aiming to offer a solution for the development of powerful rockets and spacecraft that allow the escape of human beings from Earth, when necessary, and the implantation of space colonies in more viable habitable places located in the solar system; 5) Establish a world government to coordinate strategies with national governments to deal with the catastrophic consequences to the planet’s environment resulting from the Moon’s continued increase of distance from Earth.
In Chapter 7 (How to save humanity from the death of the Sun and the collision of the Andromeda and the Milky Way galaxies), the evolution of the Sun until its end and the collision of the Andromeda and the Milky Way galaxies were analyzed and the alternatives for the escape of the humans to habitable locations in other star systems and galaxies were studied to formulate human escape strategies to save humanity before the death of the Sun and the collision of the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies. The proposed strategies are as follows: 1) Plan humanity’s escape from the solar system before the Sun’s death to reach a new planet in another planetary system in the Milky Way that is habitable for human beings; 2) Deepen the analysis of the collision between the Andromeda and the Milky Way galaxies to assess the real consequences on planet Earth and draw up plans for human beings’ escape to a habitable planet in a closer galaxy; 3) Promote scientific and technological advancement to enable the escape of human beings to reach a new planet in another planetary system in the Milky Way that is habitable for human beings and reach a habitable planet in another galaxy; 4) Increase the biological capacity of human beings to survive in non-Earth environments; 5) Establish a world government to coordinate humanity’s survival strategies with national governments to deal with the consequences resulting from the death of the Sun and the collision of the Andromeda and the Milky Way galaxies.
In Chapter 8 (How to save humanity with the end of the Universe), scenarios related to the fate of the Universe, the possibility of the existence of parallel universes and the development of the final theory or theory of everything, that is, the theory of unified field, were analyzed to present possible strategies for humanity to seek its survival with the end of the Universe in which we live. The proposed strategies are as follows: 1) Conduct research to elucidate the final fate of the Universe in which we live; 2) Conduct research to determine the existence or not of multiverse or parallel universes where humanity would head with the end of the Universe in which we live; 3) Develop the final theory or theory of everything, that is, the unified field theory to explain and connect in a single theoretical framework all physical phenomena to unify the theory of general relativity, quantum mechanics and the 4 fundamental forces of nature in a single theoretical and mathematical treatment; 4) Promote the development of the final theory or theory of everything or unified field theory to collaborate towards science providing the conditions for humanity to face the threats to its survival that exist in outer space and, above all, point out paths for humanity survive and escape to parallel universes. Completing a theory of everything would also make it possible to verify the consequences of using advanced technologies for the benefit of humanity.
In Chapter 9 (Fundamental strategies for the survival of humanity) the fundamental strategies for the survival of humanity identified in the previous chapters were presented, concerning the imperative of scientific and technological advancement, increasing the biological capacity of human beings and the constitution of a world government. All of these fundamental strategies are part of the solution needed to face all threats to human survival in the short, medium and long term presented in the 8 chapters of the book. Without them, humanity will succumb to gigantic threats to its survival.
The fundamental strategies for scientific and technological advancement are as follows: 1) Permanently develop R&D activities aimed at the production of antibiotics and vaccines to fight current and future pandemics; 2) Adopt clean technologies to combat environmental degradation and to avoid the depletion of natural resources on planet Earth that contribute to the sustainable development of society; 3) Adopt clean technologies to avoid an increase in the planet’s average temperature beyond 1.5 ºC to 2 ºC to combat catastrophic global climate change and contribute to the sustainable development of society; 4) Monitor natural catastrophes resulting from earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions that allow the prediction of their occurrence and the elaboration of evacuation plans for populations in affected areas; 5) Monitor celestial bodies that may collide with the Earth in order to develop powerful rockets to intercept them and, if necessary, provide the technological conditions for the escape of human beings to habitable places in the solar system or outside it; 6) Monitor the explosion of supernova stars to assess the need for human beings to escape to habitable places in the solar system or outside it and provide the technological conditions to carry out this escape; 7) Monitor the Earth’s environment and climate with the continuous increase of distance of the Moon from Earth to assess its consequences to guide the use of technologies capable of promoting the mitigation of environmental problems on planet Earth and, if necessary, providing the technological conditions for the escape of human beings to habitable places in the solar system; 8) Monitor the Sun’s decline to its death and the collision of the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies with their consequences on Earth to provide the technological conditions for the escape of human beings to habitable locations outside the solar system; 9) Discover the existence and possibilities of accessing parallel universes to plan with advanced technologies the escape of human beings to these universes with the end of the Universe in which we live; 10) To enable the escape of human beings from planet Earth in search of their survival with the implantation of space colonies in the solar system in possible habitable places such as Mars, Titan (Saturn’s moon), Callisto (Jupiter’s moon) or in the exoplanet Proxima b situated in the Alpha Centauri system and humanity’s escape to a planet in a closer galaxy such as the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy located 25,000 light-years from Earth; 11) Find more advanced forms of rocket propulsion to reach distances of hundreds or thousands of light years, given that, according to scientists, current chemical rockets are limited by the maximum velocity of the exhaust gases. Other alternatives proposed by scientists would consist of using a solar/ion engine as a new form of rocket propulsion, as well as creating a fusion reactor in which a rocket extracts hydrogen from interstellar space and liquefies it, releasing unlimited amounts of energy into the process; 12) Complete a theory of everything or the unified field to verify the consequences of using advanced technologies and the conditions for accessing parallel universes; 13) Develop Artificial Intelligence to contribute to scientific and technological advancement in order to provide humanity with the necessary resources to face its survival problems; and, 14) Deepen the knowledge about various cosmological issues such as: a) the “Oort Cloud” and the “Kuiper Belt” located at the limits of the solar system where the comets are located; b) the existence of Nemesis, a brown dwarf star, which would constitute with the Sun a binary star that could throw asteroids and comets located in the “Oort cloud” by its gravitational action towards the Earth; c) gravitational waves aimed at the development of observational astronomy to probe the first moments of the Universe; d) the nature of dark matter and dark energy to understand the Universe; e) the threats to planet Earth from the collision of celestial bodies and cosmic rays from supernova stars; f) possible alternative habitable locations for humans in the solar system and beyond; g) the size of the Universe to determine whether it is finite or infinite and its shape to determine whether it is flat or spherical; h) the fate of our Universe whether there will be contraction starting a new Universe, expansion with its thermal death, the end of the Universe as a cold, dark and empty place or unlimited expansion until its disintegration; i) the existence or not of multiverse or parallel universes; and, j) the development of the final theory or theory of everything, that is, the unified field theory to explain and connect in a single theoretical framework, all physical phenomena bringing together quantum physics and the theory of general relativity in a single treatment theoretical and mathematical.
The fundamental strategies for increasing the biological capacity of human beings are as follows: 1) Use science and technology to significantly increase human intellectual, physical and psychological capacities to create a new category of more evolved human beings who are capable of challenging the limits imposed by nature in order to survive the threats to their survival on Earth and in space travel that can be achieved with transhumanism, which is a philosophy that aims to improve the human condition through the use of science and technology (biotechnology, nanotechnology and neurotechnology) to increase cognitive capacity and overcome physical and psychological limitations of human beings; and, 2) Perform the genetic manipulation of the human species to create new genes in the laboratory to modify the genetic code to be able to block, for example, virus replication, making our cells immune to attacks. This would be one of the ways to protect human beings from future pandemics. The modification of the human genome would gradually increase until finally transforming the human being into a new biological species.
The fundamental strategies for the constitution of a world government are the following: 1) Constitute a World Forum for Peace and the Advancement of Humanity by Civil Society organizations from all countries of the world aiming at the constitution of a democratic government and a world parliament to carry out the noble task of saving humanity from all threats internal to planet Earth and those existing in outer space. In this Forum, the objectives and strategies of a world movement for the constitution of a world government would be debated and established, aiming to sensitize the world population and national governments in order to make a world of peace and progress for all humanity a reality; ; and, 2) Create a world government to face the threats to the survival of humanity, whether they exist on planet Earth or coming from outer space, coordinate the actions of national governments to eliminate the prevailing chaos in the world economy, combat environmental degradation and catastrophic global climate change, combat pandemics and prevent the occurrence of international conflicts, including a new world war, but also to coordinate the actions of national governments to face the threats coming from outer space against the survival of humanity.
In Chapter 10 (Conclusions), the summary of the main conclusions of the previous chapters related to the strategies to be adopted in order to save humanity from each of the identified threats, as well as the fundamental strategies related to scientific and technological advancement, to the increase of biological capacity of human beings and the constitution of a world government was presented.
The book A humanidade ameaçada e as estratégias para sua sobrevivência (The threatened humanity and the strategies for its survival) seeks to draw the attention of governments and the population in general to the need for governments to mobilize towards providing each country and the planet as a whole with advanced systems of science and technology, to increase the biological capacity of human beings so that they are capable of surviving each threat and constitute a global governance capable of coordinating actions that contribute to saving humanity from all the threats that exist within planet Earth and those coming from outer space.
To readers who wish to purchase the book A humanidade ameaçada e as estratégias para sua sobrevivência (The threatened humanity and the strategies for its survival) from Editora Dialetica, access the following website:
* Fernando Alcoforado, 81, awarded the medal of Engineering Merit of the CONFEA / CREA System, member of the Bahia Academy of Education, engineer and doctor in Territorial Planning and Regional Development by the University of Barcelona, university professor and consultant in the areas of strategic planning, business planning, regional planning and planning of energy systems, is author of the books Globalização (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1997), De Collor a FHC- O Brasil e a Nova (Des)ordem Mundial (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1998), Um Projeto para o Brasil (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2000), Os condicionantes do desenvolvimento do Estado da Bahia (Tese de doutorado. Universidade de Barcelona,http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/1944, 2003), Globalização e Desenvolvimento (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2006), Bahia- Desenvolvimento do Século XVI ao Século XX e Objetivos Estratégicos na Era Contemporânea (EGBA, Salvador, 2008), The Necessary Conditions of the Economic and Social Development- The Case of the State of Bahia (VDM Verlag Dr. Müller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG, Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010), Aquecimento Global e Catástrofe Planetária (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2010), Amazônia Sustentável- Para o progresso do Brasil e combate ao aquecimento global (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2011), Os Fatores Condicionantes do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2012), Energia no Mundo e no Brasil- Energia e Mudança Climática Catastrófica no Século XXI (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2015), As Grandes Revoluções Científicas, Econômicas e Sociais que Mudaram o Mundo (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2016), A Invenção de um novo Brasil (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2017), Esquerda x Direita e a sua convergência (Associação Baiana de Imprensa, Salvador, 2018), Como inventar o futuro para mudar o mundo (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2019) and A humanidade ameaçada e as estratégias para sua sobrevivência (Editora Dialética, São Paulo, 2021) .
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