Fernando Alcoforado*
PhD in Territorial Planning and Regional Development, Barcelona University, Spain
Article published by the European Journal of Science, Innovation and Technology, Volume 4, Number 2, 2024.
This article aims to demonstrate the imperative need for the UN (United Nations) to be restructured to prevent the extinction of humanity from threats caused by human beings, by the forces of nature existing on planet Earth and those coming from outer space. The threats to the extinction of humanity caused by human beings themselves concern global climate change, pandemics and the outbreak of the 3rd World War, the threats caused by the forces of nature existing on planet Earth concern the cooling of the core of planet Earth, the catastrophic eruptions of volcanoes and the reversal of the Earth’s magnetic poles which process would lead to the loss of the Earth’s magnetic field and threats coming from outer space concern the collision of asteroids, comets or pieces of comets on planet Earth, collision on planet Earth of planets of the solar system, collision on the planet Earth of orphan planets roaming outer space, emission of cosmic rays, especially gamma rays emitted by supernova stars, catastrophic consequences on the Earth’s environment resulting from the continued distancing of the Moon from the Earth, death of the Sun, collision of Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies where the Earth is located, and the end of the Universe.
This article consists of four parts: 1) The threats of extinction of humanity by human beings themselves, how to deal with them and how to avoid them; 2) The threats of extinction of humanity caused by planet Earth, how to deal with them and how to avoid them; 3) The threats of extinction of humanity coming from outer space, how to deal with them and how to avoid them; and, 4) The role of the UN in adopting measures to avoid the extinction of humanity from threats caused by human beings, by the forces of nature existing on planet Earth and those coming from outer space.
To read the 30-page article, access the websites <https://www.academia.edu/116797733/THE_NECESSARY_RESTRUCTURING_OF_THE_UN_TO_AVOID_THE_EXTINCTION_OF_HUMANITY_402_Article_Text_1042_1_10_20240327_1_> and <https://pt.slideshare.net/slideshow/the-necessary-restructuring-of-the-un-to-avoid-the-extinction-of-humanity-402article-text104211020240327-1pdf/267006766>.
* Fernando Alcoforado, awarded the medal of Engineering Merit of the CONFEA / CREA System, member of the Bahia Academy of Education, of the SBPC- Brazilian Society for the Progress of Science and of IPB- Polytechnic Institute of Bahia, engineer from the UFBA Polytechnic School and doctor in Territorial Planning and Regional Development from the University of Barcelona, college professor (Engineering, Economy and Administration) and consultant in the areas of strategic planning, business planning, regional planning, urban planning and energy systems, was Advisor to the Vice President of Engineering and Technology at LIGHT S.A. Electric power distribution company from Rio de Janeiro, Strategic Planning Coordinator of CEPED- Bahia Research and Development Center, Undersecretary of Energy of the State of Bahia, Secretary of Planning of Salvador, is the author of the books Globalização (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1997), De Collor a FHC- O Brasil e a Nova (Des)ordem Mundial (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1998), Um Projeto para o Brasil (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2000), Os condicionantes do desenvolvimento do Estado da Bahia (Tese de doutorado. Universidade de Barcelona,http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/1944, 2003), Globalização e Desenvolvimento (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2006), Bahia- Desenvolvimento do Século XVI ao Século XX e Objetivos Estratégicos na Era Contemporânea (EGBA, Salvador, 2008), The Necessary Conditions of the Economic and Social Development- The Case of the State of Bahia (VDM Verlag Dr. Müller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG, Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010), Aquecimento Global e Catástrofe Planetária (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2010), Amazônia Sustentável- Para o progresso do Brasil e combate ao aquecimento global (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2011), Os Fatores Condicionantes do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2012), Energia no Mundo e no Brasil- Energia e Mudança Climática Catastrófica no Século XXI (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2015), As Grandes Revoluções Científicas, Econômicas e Sociais que Mudaram o Mundo (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2016), A Invenção de um novo Brasil (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2017), Esquerda x Direita e a sua convergência (Associação Baiana de Imprensa, Salvador, 2018), Como inventar o futuro para mudar o mundo (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2019), A humanidade ameaçada e as estratégias para sua sobrevivência (Editora Dialética, São Paulo, 2021), A escalada da ciência e da tecnologia e sua contribuição ao progresso e à sobrevivência da humanidade (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2022), a chapter in the book Flood Handbook (CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida United States, 2022), How to protect human beings from threats to their existence and avoid the extinction of humanity (Generis Publishing, Europe, Republic of Moldova, Chișinău, 2023) and A revolução da educação necessária ao Brasil na era contemporânea (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2023).
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